The vitamin D is important for proper development, and maintenance of calcium ion and skeletal integrity. The vitamin D acts through a nuclear receptor to carry out its many functions, including calcium absorption, phosphate absorption in the intestine, calcium mobilization in bone, and calcium reabsorption in the kidney, in order to maintain calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization in the body.
Vitamin D deficiency will lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone turnover, and bone loss. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a cause of hip fracture. Vitamin D deficiency is also related to lower muscle strength, increased body sway, and falls in the elderly.
Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly people, and the incidence may vary in European, American, and Asian (Singapore, Japan, and Hongkong) countries, from 5-25% in independent elderly to 60-80% in institutionalized elderly.[51,87-94] . Dr. Siti Setiati found the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in Indonesian elderly woman is 35.1%.
Several factors contribute to vitamin D deficiency in the elderly women, such as decreased organ systems involved in vitamin D synthesis ( skin, liver, kidney), life style to avoid sun exposure, as well as lower vitamin D intake.
Vitamin D deficiency in the elderly population can be treated by supplementing vitamin D (oral or injection) or increasing internal vitamin D synthesis with UV irradiation using artificial UVB or by sun exposure. Dr. Siti Setiati in her research found that sun exposure for 15-25 minutes at 9.00 a.m. for 3 times a week can increase vitamin D concentration in elderly women. She recommended for elderly to increase their activity out door in order to get enough sun exposure.
Vitamin D deficiency will lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone turnover, and bone loss. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a cause of hip fracture. Vitamin D deficiency is also related to lower muscle strength, increased body sway, and falls in the elderly.
Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly people, and the incidence may vary in European, American, and Asian (Singapore, Japan, and Hongkong) countries, from 5-25% in independent elderly to 60-80% in institutionalized elderly.[51,87-94] . Dr. Siti Setiati found the prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in Indonesian elderly woman is 35.1%.
Several factors contribute to vitamin D deficiency in the elderly women, such as decreased organ systems involved in vitamin D synthesis ( skin, liver, kidney), life style to avoid sun exposure, as well as lower vitamin D intake.
Vitamin D deficiency in the elderly population can be treated by supplementing vitamin D (oral or injection) or increasing internal vitamin D synthesis with UV irradiation using artificial UVB or by sun exposure. Dr. Siti Setiati in her research found that sun exposure for 15-25 minutes at 9.00 a.m. for 3 times a week can increase vitamin D concentration in elderly women. She recommended for elderly to increase their activity out door in order to get enough sun exposure.
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